国家级核应急医学救援分队能力评估指标体系的建立与应用

为进一步摸清国家核应急医学救援分队能力建设现状,国家核应急响应技术支持中心建立了评估指标体系、评分标准,对依托苏州大学附属第二医院(核工业总医院)设立的国家核应急医学救援分队开展能力评估。评估重点包括政策法规、组织机构、预案方案、指挥控制、应急设施与装备、应急响应行动和培训演练等7项一级指标。通过评估,摸清了现状,查找了问题,同时对救援方案、物资装备配备及管理、培训演练等国家核应急医学救援分队能力建设以及核应急能力评估等工作提出改进建议。     

气密型化学防护服研究进展

针对当前国内外危险化学品事故灾害频发、生化恐怖袭击威胁日益严峻、防化装备研发及生产体系不健全,国内个体化学防护装备特别是气密型化学防护服的材料研发、结构设计、装备生产、性能检测及选择使用亟待规范等问题,梳理了国际标准、美国消防协会标准、欧洲标准及中国国家标准中涉及气密型化学防护服的产品分类及性能要求,介绍了国内外气密型化学防护服市场上主流产品的防护性能、结构特征、产品认证情况及其发展现状,对比分析了化学防护领域广泛应用的防护材料种类及性能。研究表明:尽管目前采用高分子膜制作化学防护面料的国内厂商较少,但部分面料的防护能力已经能够同时达到国家标准、国际标准和欧洲标准的要求;建议相关行政管理部门继续给予化学防护行业必要的政策扶持,以尽快实现高性能化学防护装备的国产化、规模化及体系化。     

大数据在公共卫生应急管理中的应用--以内蒙古自治区为例

在此次新冠肺炎防控中,以大数据为代表的新一代信息技术,广泛应用于疫情管控、追踪溯源、模型预测、资源调配、舆情管控等多个方面,发挥了重大作用。通过对大数据在内蒙古自治区疫情防控中的应用分析,从应用情况、存在问题及对策建议三个方面,探讨如何合理有效地利用丰富的数据资源、大数据应用技术,对完善重大疫情防控体制机制提供强有力的支撑,从而推动自治区,乃至国家公共卫生应急管理体系的健全与完善。     

An objective and interactive-information-based feedback mechanism for the consensus-reaching process considering a non-support degree for minority opinions

The consensus-reaching process (CRP) to achieve higher unanimity and ensure common agreement before deriving a final decision has become an important procedure in group decision-making problems. The demand for high-quality decision results has motivated the development of large-scale group decision-making (LGDM). In such cases, the issue of minority opinion has gained awareness due to the related effects on enhancing consensus and decision quality. A minority opinion cannot exert an effect unless the majority attach importance to whether that opinion is supported or not. To reflect the effect of minority opinions on consensus, this paper establishes a LGDM framework with an objective and interactive-information-based feedback mechanism for the CRP. Given the natural forms of human expression, multi-granular linguistic information and a 2-tuple linguistic model are used. First, initial weights are objectively assigned to decision-makers (DMs) to weaken the impact of the majority. Subsequently, a non-support degree function is newly defined to reflect the extent to which other DMs dissent from a minority opinion. More importantly, feedback rules are constructed to make corresponding adjustments to the powers of discourse among all DMs in the attempt to reach consensus. Finally, the proposed three-phase LGDM framework is applied to new product development (NPD), and simulation experiments are conducted based on two algorithms to verify the framework's applicability and feasibility.     

核与辐射事件医学应急管理体系国际比较

介绍了我国核与辐射事件医学应急管理体系的构成,并将之与日本、美国、法国、俄罗斯和加拿大的核与辐射事件医学应急管理体系进行比较,分析其优缺点,同时介绍了WHO和IAEA在核与辐射事件医学应急中的作用,在此基础上提出建立健全我国核与辐射应急医学管理体系、提升医学应急救援能力的建议。     

External validity and factor structure of individual and group workload ratings

Work teams experience workload from the group dynamics in addition to the usual sources of individual workload. This study had three objectives: to assess the responsiveness of new rating scales for group workload (GWL), investigate their component structure, and determine if changes in workload occur as the team matures. Participants (360 individuals, 44 groups) engaged in an emergency response (ER) simulation in the form of a board game; team size, game difficulty (one versus two opponents), and time constraints were varied. ER teams rated workload after each of two sessions using the NASA Task Load Index (TLX) and GWL. GWL was most responsive to larger task demands and reflected changes in coordination demand over time. Components reflected mixtures of TLX and GWL scales and suggested that self-organising processes were operating.     

The legitimacy gap of algorithmic decision-making in the public sector: Why it arises and how to address it

Algorithmic decision-making (ADM) systems are increasingly adopted by the state to support various administrative functions and improve the effectiveness and efficiency of public services, such as in unemployment services or policing. While these systems create challenges of opaqueness, unfairness, and value trade-offs, the present paper argues that a more fundamental challenge lies in the way these systems alter the epistemic bases of decision-making. It contributes to the literature by highlighting why procedural standards of legitimacy in operative decision-making no longer suffice for certain applications and by discussing how the resulting legitimacy gap can be addressed through stakeholder involvement. By adapting research on participatory technology assessments to the particularities of ADM system design, it is possible to identify the core challenges of such a stakeholder process and the necessary steps to deal with them.     

2012—2019年A煤矿事故规律分析及对策

在统计2012—2019年期间A煤矿事故数据的基础上,结合事故人员年龄、事故类型、伤情类别等研究了该煤矿事故的发生规律,并针对煤矿易发生的事故,本着预防为主、降低事故损失的原则,从安全管理、重点防控对象、应急处置能力提升方面提出了对策。     

An economic investigation of the wind-hydrogen projects: A case study

Hydrogen as an energy carrier can play a significant role in reducing environmental emissions if it is produced from renewable energy resources. This research aims to assess hydrogen production from wind energy considering environmental, economic, and technical aspect for the East Azerbaijan province of Iran. The economic assessment is performed by calculation of payback period, levelized cost of hydrogen, and levelized cost of electricity. Since uncertainty in the power output of wind turbines may affect the payback period, all calculations are performed for four different turbine degradation rates. While it is common in the literature to choose the wind turbine based on a single criterion, this study implements Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) techniques for this purpose. The results of Step-wise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis illustrates that economic issue is the most important criterion for this research. The results of Weighted Aggregated Sum Product Assessment shows that Vestas V52 is the most suitable wind turbine for Ahar and Sarab cities, while Eovent EVA120 H-Darrieus is a better choice for other stations. The most suitable location for wind power generation is found to be Ahar, where it is estimated to annually generate 2914.8 kWh of electricity at the price of 0.045 $/kWh, and 47.2 tons of hydrogen at the price of 1.38 $/kg, which result in 583 tons of CO₂ emission reduction.     

矿井多级机站可控式通风系统的研究与实践

本文对矿井多级机站可控式通风系统研究工作作总结，并列举了工业应用情况，说明多级机站可控式通风技术是一种节能、易于风量痫节等特点的新技术。